Summary of Foreclosure Laws by State

FMC has compiled some basic information about state foreclosure laws, provided below. This information is designed to help you understand the process in each state. However, legal information is not legal advice. The laws of every state are different and frequently change. If necessary, contact an FMC representative or seek legal or professional advice according to your situation.

Mortgage and Deed of Trust States

Below you will find each state according to whether they are Mortgage, Deed of Trust or both:

• Mortgage States - Alabama, Louisiana, North Dakota, Arkansas, Maine, Ohio, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon, Delaware, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Florida, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Hawaii, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Indiana, New Jersey, Vermont, Kansas, New Mexico, Wisconsin, New York
• Deed of Trust States - Alaska, Mississippi, North Carolina, Arizona, Missouri, Virginia, California, Nevada, Washington DC
• States that use both Deeds of Trust and Mortgages - Colorado, Montana, Texas, Idaho, Nebraska, Utah, Illinois, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Iowa, Oregon, Washington, Maryland, Tennessee, Georgia, West Virginia, Kentucky

Foreclosure State Summaries

Here are summaries with basic information for individual state foreclosure laws. Timelines will vary depending on a variety of reasons. The timelines noted within are based on uncontested actions and assume no delays. They give the time for the sale, then the running totals for various procedures, until the end, when the longest time possible for the entire foreclosure process ends . Often, these times are longer than normal in that redemption doesn’t often occur. However, delays do – so keep this in mind – every foreclosure is a unique situation, timelines will vary from foreclosure to foreclosure, and from state-to-state. All foreclosures must be conducted under GSE guidelines.

Alabama Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (12 months)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Alaska Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Arizona Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No

Arkansas Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes, most circumstances
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 1200 days
• Right of Redemption: Ends at sale
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes - within 12 months of sale

California Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No

Colorado Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Connecticut Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 300 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

D.C. (Washington District of Columbia)

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
• Timeline: 150 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Delaware Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Florida Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 450 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Georgia Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usual)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Hawaii Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 350 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Idaho Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
• Timeline: 240 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes - within 3 months of sale

Illinois Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 330 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Indiana Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 330 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Iowa Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 330 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical 

Kansas Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (3 to 12 months)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Kentucky Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Louisiana Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (Executory and Ordinary Process)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 240 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Maine Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 420 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Maryland Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 205 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Massachusetts Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 200 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Michigan Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (6 months is common)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Minnesota Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days 
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Mississippi Foreclosure Laws

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Missouri Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (rare and difficult)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Montana Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 210 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Nebraska Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: Judicial - 30 days; Non-Judicial – No;
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Nevada Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 210 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

New Hampshire Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

New Jersey Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 450 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (10 days )
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

New Mexico Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (30 days)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

New York Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline (New York City): 570 days
• Timeline (Outside the City): 400 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes - within 3 months of delivery of deed

North Carolina Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes (10 days)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes- within 12 months of delivery of deed 

North Dakota Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 225 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Ohio Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 300 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes - within 24 months of sale confirmation

Oklahoma Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Oregon Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Pennsylvania Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 330 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Rhode Island Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

South Carolina Foreclosure

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

South Dakota Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (Rare)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 210 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes (Judicial Action)

Tennessee Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (very rare)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Texas Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Home Equity Loan
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Utah Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instrument: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Vermont Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 360 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Virginia Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Washington Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days
• Right of Redemption: No (Non-Judicial)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No (Non-Judicial)

West Virginia Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 140 days
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Wisconsin Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 330 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Not Practical

Wyoming Foreclosure Law

• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes